GRi Business, Economics & Finance 24 – 01 - 2003

Revenue setting mechanisms are flawed - Prof Armah

Inter-bank exchange rates

New mining law out in June

Bank to co-sponsor workshop on corruption

Kufuor calls for more partnership

Re-open negotiations on Songor salt industry

Kerosene, premix and LPG still subsidised-Ministry

 

 

Revenue setting mechanisms are flawed - Prof Armah

 

Accra (Greater Accra) 24 January 2003 - A Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) on Wednesday decried the persistent gaps between forecasted revenue targets and what is achieved, saying current revenue setting mechanisms are flawed.

 

Professor Bartholomew Armah at a policy seminar in Accra said it is not because the method is necessarily poor but because the forecasting mechanism is poor. He was speaking on the subject: "Are Our Revenue Targets on Target?" It was to generate debate on ascertaining whether the nation's revenue agencies are actually collecting the correct amount of revenue or merely depending on targets they have set for themselves.

 

Prof. Armah said without an improvement in their ability to accurately forecast inflation and exchange rates and the rate of expansion in the tax base in particular, revenue targets would not provide realistic indications of the revenue generating potential of the economy.

 

He noted that it was interesting that the overall result is a perverse situation where the revenue agencies on the one hand complain about their inability to undertake their duties due to lack of resources, “yet on the other hand their successes in meeting their targets suggests otherwise”.

 

He congratulated the revenue collecting agencies for exceeding their targets for 2001 but noted that it was vital for the government and other relevant agencies to know the realistic targets that they can collect to enable the generation of accurate GDP figures.

 

Giving the trends in actual versus projected GDP and inflation targets, Prof. Armah said between 1999 and 2001, the actual real GDP growth rate was overstated by an average of one percentage point.

 

“In other words, the government's real GDP projections exceeded the actual by less than one percentage point. On the other hand, the projected inflation rate was approximately nine percentage points lower than the actual.”

 

In 2000, the government's projection was 28 percentage points lower than the actual figure. This, according to Prof Armah, implies that the nominal GDP was actually higher than predicted; hence, the revenue targets were based on a lower nominal GDP than what should have been used.

 

He said since inflation projections have persistently understated the actual, it also means that the revenue estimates have consistently being biased downwards. "The consistency in the downward bias of the estimates could have been addressed if the real GDP projections had been overstated by the same margin as the inflation estimates.

 

"However, this has not been the case. The margin of error in the real GDP rates has been consistently in the range of one to two percentage points; in general GDP growth is less volatile or tends to be more stable than inflationary trends."

 

Prof Armah said when this happens it means that projected inflation becomes more accurate and the revenue agencies will become hard pressed to meet their targets assuming targets are based on trends in the nominal GDP growth rate.

 

He said in 2002 for instance, the inflation rate prediction of 13 percent appears well within reach. But correspondingly, the revenue agencies by September were below target.

 

The Customs Excise and Preventive Service (CEPS) estimated to collect 2,739.9bn cedis but actually collected 2,950.5bn cedis. The Internal Revenue Service projected 1,813.5bn but realised 1,811.8bn cedis while the VAT Service projected 788.5bn cedis, but collected 696.3bn cedis.

 

Prof Armah called for the setting of real estimates to enable revenue agencies to do a good job and not set low targets, exceed them and then celebrate. He suggested that there should be close technical relationship between the revenue collecting agencies, Bank of Ghana, Ghana Statistical Service and the Ministry of Finance.

GRi…/

 

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Inter-bank exchange rates

 

Accra (Greater Accra) 24 January 2003

 

Currency                      Buying                            Selling

U.S. Dollar                   8,325.55 cedis               8,547.45 cedis

Pound Sterling              13,478.23                      13,841.74

Swiss Franc                  6,100.40                       6,261.53

Canadian Dollar            5,443.99                       5,586.75

Danish Kroner              1,200.38                        1,232.01

Japanese Yen               70.38                             72.23

South African Rand      938.32                           960.09

Euro                             8,928.35                        9,162.47

CFA Franc                   13.61                             13.97

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New mining law out in June

 

Accra (Greater Accra) 24 January 2003- A new mining law that would put Ghana back on stream as a preferred mining investment destination would be ready by June this year.

 

The much-awaited Bill, which, should have been effective following the outdating of the previous one in the mid-90's, is currently before the Attorney-General for appropriate drafting and advice.

 

Kwadwo Adjei-Darko, Minister of Mines, told the Ghana News Agency (GNA) Business Desk on Wednesday that the new Law would have a lifespan of about 15 years as against the old law, which was for a little over 10 years.

 

Adjei-Darko was reacting to comments that the Law had delayed and was making the industry lose some of its principal characters. Ghana recently lost its position on the list of favoured mining investment destinations. Guinea, Tanzania and Zimbabwe who copied Ghana's previous law and made modifications now attract the major mining firms across the world.

 

The absence of a new favourable Law has forced mining companies to fold up or relocate and caused the mining industry in Ghana to face declining number of reconnaissance and prospecting activities. This has resulted in a dwindling number of mining licenses granted within the last few years.

 

He explained that 15 years was a reasonable period for junior companies and mining companies themselves to make up their minds to want to invest in the industry. The absence of the Law means that there is very little exploration going on while the few projects underway are all on hold.

 

About 10 companies in exploration and other mining service areas have relocated in other countries on the continent. They include Ausdril, Cluff Mining, Drill Sure, Guinea Coast Mining, Stanley Mining, West Africa Drilling Services, Barnex Prestea and Degussa Huls.

 

Statistics made available to the GNA indicate that from a high number of 62 mining licences issued in 1997, the number dropped sharply to 20 the following year and to only eight last year.

 

Reconnaissance licenses went up from a low of two in 1991 to 42 in 1995 but slumped to 11 in 2001. Giving highlights of the upcoming Law, Adjei-Darko said it has a Stability Development Clause and another clause that would ensure the establishment of a refinery.

 

The Stability Development Clause would ensure that investors operated in an atmosphere where they were guaranteed stability in their activities. He said mining is an expensive venture and anyone who invests in it must be guaranteed a return on his investment.

 

However, industry practitioners, experts and analysts who spoke to the GNA Business Desk said Ghana does not produce enough gold to warrant the establishment of a gold refinery. "We must be producing five million ounces of gold a year to warrant a refinery, otherwise, we would not have a profitable return on the investments to be made in the refinery" one expert said.

 

Ghana presently produces about two million ounces of gold. The mining companies welcomed news of a new mining law but noted that mining is an expensive venture and a process that could take up to 10 years.

 

However, they said, when things go the way they are going, they would only be heading for a ditch. This means that the industry needs to start finding new ore bodies very soon if Ghana wants to maintain future production and not be hit by declining figures.

 

Some members of the Ghana Chamber of Mines said mining in Ghana itself is fast losing its attractiveness especially in the area of seeking new deposits. This, they stressed, is stalling growth in the industry, since no new mine has been opened since 1996, except the operation of surface mining activities, which only have 10-year lifespan.

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Bank to co-sponsor workshop on corruption

 

Accra (Greater Accra) 24 January 2003- The African Development Bank (AfDB), in collaboration with Transparency International (TI) and the African Union (AU), is hosting a Regional Learning Workshop on National Strategies for Combating Corruption, to be held at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 27-30 January.

 

The gathering, which would bring together participants from 16 Regional Member Countries (RMCs) of the Bank, is designed to draw from the regional and global expertise of the three partner institutions in various aspects of combating corruption, a statement from the Bank receive in Accra on Thursday said.

 

The main objective of the workshop is to assist participants develop a framework for a National anti-corruption Strategy and Action Plans, the statement said. It would also help them strengthen the implementation prospects of existing strategies; and to better identify resource and capacity constraints in the fight against corruption.

 

The statement said each country delegation would consist of a mix of practitioners, advocates and policy makers from specialized anti-corruption agencies, senior policy makers from the ministries of justice and finance, elected members of parliament, the private sector, the media and other elements of civil society.

 

In addition to subject specialists from the AfDB, AU and TI, recognized experts from the World Bank Institute (WBI), the Global Coalition for Africa (GCA), and six RMCs with a National Strategy and Action Plans would attend the workshop as resource persons.

 

Bilateral partners with regional and global experience in this area will also be on hand to share their experience. Participants are expected to reach consensus on a framework for developing a National Anti-Corruption Strategy and Action Plans, with a view to systematically addressing the corruption challenge, improve efficiency and effectiveness, enhance cross-boarder cooperation and reduce duplication among bilateral and multilateral partners in their support for combating corruption.

 

The 10 participating countries would be Egypt, The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Malawi, Mozambique, Lesotho and Swaziland. Resource persons would be from Uganda, South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Nigeria and Ghana.

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Kufuor calls for more partnership

 

Accra (Greater Accra) 24 January 2003- President John Kufuor on Thursday called for an intensified partnership between Ghana and Japan in the Cocoa industry for their mutual benefit.

 

He said while Ghana produced cocoa beans and Japan had the capital and technical know-how to process the beans. Partnership between them should therefore, be intensified to realise the maximum benefit from the industry.

 

President Kufuor made the call when a 26-member delegation from the Japanese Chocolate and Cocoa Association on a five-day visit to Ghana paid a courtesy call on him at the Castle, Osu.

 

The visit, which forms part of activities to mark the 50th anniversary celebration of the Association, was to have an insight into the cocoa industry in Ghana where Japan imports about 70 per cent of its cocoa.

 

President Kufuor said the two countries could capture a major portion of the trade in the cocoa industry worldwide when such a partnership was intensified. He thanked the delegation for the visit, which would not only strengthen the cordial relationship between both countries but would also improve trade relations between them in the cocoa industry.

 

Yoshihiro Ohtsuka, General Manager of Lotte Company of Japan, a chocolate manufacturing company and spokesman of the delegation, said while the visit afforded them the opportunity to have more knowledge about the industry it would further enhance the relationship between Ghana and Japan.

 

Since their arrival last Tuesday, the delegation has visited the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (GRAIG) at New Tafo in the Eastern Region, interacted with some cocoa farmers, held a meeting with the management of the Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD) in Accra. It has also visited the Tema harbour, the Cocoa Processing Company (CPC) and Barry Calibut, both cocoa-processing companies at Tema.

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Re-open negotiations on Songor salt industry

 

Accra (Greater Accra) 24 January 2003- The Ada Songor Basin Lagoon Owners Association (ASBLOC) on Thursday appealed to the government to re-open negotiations with it on ways to develop the salt industry in the area for the benefit of all.

 

The association said it was ever ready to meet with any designated government officials to sort out all outstanding issues for a negotiated solution to promote national interest and to meet the legitimate concerns of the land owning clans.

 

Clement Otu Amate, Chairman of the Association, told a meeting of 17 companies, which are prospective investors in the salt industry, that ASBLOC's efforts to get the government to dialogue on their concerns had so far failed to yield the necessary dividend.

 

“If officialdom does not still feel inclined to dialogue with us on the Songor issue, we shall not press for it any more,” he said. According to Amate the inability of the Government to repeal PNDC Law 287 from the statute books was a major obstacle to the management of the lagoon.

 

He said the three clans, which are the rightful owners, had through the ASBLOC established an Ada Songor Development Trust, a company limited by guarantee to take over, manage and control the lagoon and its adjoining lands on sound business relationships with prospective investors once the law was repealed.

 

Amate appealed to citizens of the area, especially those involved in the campaign against the Association, to read its constitution to clear any doubts that they might have about ASBLOC.

 

He assured the investors of the readiness of the Association to join hands with them to develop the salt industry at Songor. “Our aim is to establish with you a relationship that is fair and equitable to both sides so that our people, especially the chiefs of the villages in the areas of your operations will feel that they too have a stake in the success of your companies.”

 

Dr Seth Otuteye, Chairman of the Legal Committee of ASBLOC, said the government had no legal title to the land since it was holding it in trust for the people. He said the Association believed that it was better to encourage indigenous Ghanaian investors into the Songor salt industry than to seek foreign investors, who would in the end repatriate all the benefits to their home countries.

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Kerosene, premix and LPG still subsidised-Ministry

 

Accra (Greater Accra) 24 January 2003- The Ministry of Energy said on Thursday that the new petroleum prices announced last week still contained some element of cross-subsidy in favour of kerosene, pre-mix fuel and LPG.

 

A statement signed by the Public Relations Officer, Ms Florence Boakye said the government was constrained to keep the price differential between petrol, kerosene and pre-mix as minimal as possible.

 

This is because the sale, distribution and availability of these fuels have been subject of abuse by unscrupulous commercial and private persons and dealers.

 

These people had taken advantage of the subsidised prices of kerosene and pre-mix to, among other things, adulterate petrol and diesel fuels for sale to unsuspecting motorists and other users.

 

“The benefit, especially, to rural and fishing communities for which the price subsidy was intended is therefore, lost through the misapplication of the fuels for unintended and illegal purposes to the detriment of the very people government had sought to assist.”

 

The statement said the government has concluded that regular availability of kerosene and pre-mix should be assured. The Ministry confirmed that the National Kerosene Distribution Programme, which involves the free supply of surface tanks and dispensing equipment, is being steadfastly implemented with the assistance of the district assemblies.

 

The statement said the ministry has taken steps to further ensure the constant flow of these critical fuels to the needy communities by the oil marketing companies and other accredited agencies. It said random field inspections would continue to be conducted and offenders would be prosecuted.

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